IJBED 2051-848X 2051-8498 https://doi.org/10.24052/IJBED/ 34 Volume 14 Issue 02 2026-11-01

240 https://ijbed.org/details&cid=240 2026-06-14 Developing countries such as India should create highly innovative Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) ecosystems by adopting the Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) approach which envisages industrial clusters surrounded by innovation supporting organizations, particularly universities and research institutes. Policies should be crafted to advance partnerships among colleges and universities, government institutions, nonprofit agencies and SMEs for creating a highly innovative milieu of innovation. The Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF), an apex body set up by Government of India for fostering Research and Development(R&D) in the fields of natural sciences, should follow the lead of the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and the US Small Business Administration (SBA), both federal agencies that manage programs for advancing innovation in small businesses. The NSF invests in basic research across all fields of fundamental science and engineering and runs the Small Business Innovation Program for assessing potential business ideas through involvement of small businesses in research and development. The SBA runs Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs, specifically designed to help SMEs plan, start and expand their businesses by connecting companies with lenders and funding. Though Indian SMEs have demonstrated acumen for innovation in hi tech industries such as space research, their full potential needs to be harnessed. Indian academic institutions produce high quality research but rank poorly in terms of academia industry interaction, thus hindering the innovative potential of the economy. The paper presents an India specific perspective on the RIS approach, and gives policy prescriptions for unleashing the economy’s innovative potential. Cooke, P. (1996) ‘The new wave of regional innovation networks: Analysis, characteristics and strategy’, Small Business Economics, 8(2), pp. 159–171. Simmie, J. and Sennett, J. (1999) ‘Innovative clusters: global or local linkages?’, National Institute Economic Review, 170, pp. 87–98 Kharbanda, V.P. (2001) ‘Facilitating innovation in Indian small and medium enterprises – The role of clusters’, Current Science, 80(3), pp. 343–348. Gomes, J. (2001) ‘SMEs and industrial clusters: Lessons for India from Italian experience’, Economic and Political Weekly, 36(49), pp. 4532–4533. Maskell, P. (2001) ‘The firm in economic geography’, Economic Geography, 77(4), pp. 329–344. Chaminade, C. and Vang, J. (2006) Innovation policy for Asian SMEs: Exploring cluster differences. CIRCLE Working Paper 2006/03. Lund: Lund University. Arif, B. (2012) ‘Industrial clusters, Schumpeterian innovations and entrepreneurs’ human and social capital: A survey of literature’, Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 50(1), pp. 71–95. Schrammel, T. (2013) ‘Bridging the institutional void: An analytical concept to develop valuable cluster services’, Management Revue, 24(2), pp. 114–132. Jin, H. (2014) ‘Industry–university–government collaboration and the development of hi-tech industries in China: The cases of Founder and Neusoft’, Hitotsubashi Journal of Commerce and Management, 48(1), pp. 119–131. Garone et al.  (2015) ‘Cluster development policy, SME's performance, and spillovers: Evidence from Brazil’, Small Business Economics, 44(4), pp. 925–948. Gwebu et al. (2019) ‘Differential performance of science park firms: An integrative model’, Small Business Economics, 52(1), pp. 193–211. World Intellectual Property Organization (2012) Global innovation index 2012. Geneva: World Intellectual Property Organization. Export Import Bank of India (2023): Himachal Pradesh: A Possible Export Strategy, Occasional Paper No. 216, Mumbai World Intellectual Property Organization (2025) Global innovation index 2025. Geneva: World Intellectual Property Organization. Economic Times (2023) ‘Sunrise food processing sector got Rs 50,000 crore worth FDI in last 9 years, says PM Modi’, The Economic Times, 3 November. Available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/rs-50000-crore-fdi-in-food-processing-sector-in-last-nine-years-says-pm-modi/articleshow/104934827.cms?from=mdr The Hindu Business Line (2023) ‘Farm to plate: How small businesses form the backbone of the Indian food industry’, The Hindu Business Line, 10 September. Available at: https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/agri-business/how-small-businesses-form-the-backbone-of-the-indian-food-industry/article67289896.ece Times of India (2023) ‘The trident approach to making India an R&D powerhouse’, The Times of India, 23 March. Available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/toi-edit-page/the-trident-approach-to-making-india-an-rd-powerhouse-institutions-need-to-work-as-clusters-in-partnership-with-firms-which-will-bring-funding/ Times of India (2024) ‘Semiconductor mission’s great but academia can chip in’, The Times of India, 3 March. Available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/all-that-matters/semiconductor-missions-great-but-academia-can-chip-in/articleshow/108168309.cms Economic Times (2025) ‘India's food processing sector projected to reach $535 bn by FY26 end’, The Economic Times, 5 September 2025. 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241 https://ijbed.org/details&cid=241 2026-06-23 Agricultural exports serve as critical drivers of economic growth by generating foreign currency earnings, stimulating employment creation, facilitating the adoption of advanced production technologies, and enhancing the overall competitiveness of the agricultural sector. Egypt's potato exports recorded a robust average annual growth rate of 11.9% during the period 2000–2024, representing approximately 5% of the total value of the country's agricultural exports. This remarkable performance raises an important research question regarding the principal determinants underpinning the growth trajectory of Egyptian potato exports. The present study seeks to examine the standing of Egyptian potato exports within key destination markets, to identify the principal countries competing with Egypt in global potato trade, and to empirically investigate the determinants of such export flows. Employing an augmented gravity model, the empirical results reveal that three variables exert the most statistically significant influence on Egyptian potato export performance: the bilateral exchange rate, the population of the importing country, and the physical distance between Cairo and the importers' capitals. While the GDP of Egypt and its trading partners, together with economic development differentials, also demonstrate significance, their explanatory weight is comparatively lower. The aggregate size of Egypt's specific export market for potatoes is likewise found to be of secondary importance in explaining bilateral trade flows. Ahmed, E. F. Y., & Soliman, M. A. (2023). An economic study of the future of the Egyptian potato sector. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, 14(9), 543–549. Aliou, M., et al. (2024). Economic analysis of production and marketing of Egyptian potatoes. Journal of Agricultural Economics. Bahloul, M. A., & Ahmed, H. M. (2021). 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(2003). The influence of international economic variables upon Egyptian agricultural exports (Unpublished M.Sc. thesis). Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University. Emam, M. S. (2024). Geographical distribution and competitiveness of Egyptian potato exports in major international markets. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 69(1), 115–132. Ewada, M. (2013). Impact of European Union regulations on Egyptian potato exports. Journal of International Agricultural Trade, 5(1), 89–110. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) & International Trade Centre (ITC). (2018). Global potato trade and competitiveness report. Rome: FAO. Frankel, J. A. (1997). Regional trading blocs. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics. Gad, A. D., et al. (2023). Analysis of major export markets for Egyptian potatoes. Middle East Agricultural Economics Journal, 12(4), 55–74. Hammam, A. A., & El-Damrawy, M. A. (2022). 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242 https://ijbed.org/details&cid=242 2026-07-15 The analysis compares private-label securitization with government-sponsored enterprise securitization and evaluates how these channels correlate with housing outcomes across different legal foreclosure regimes. The results show no statistically detectable association between private-label securitization share and vacancy outcomes once tract characteristics and macroeconomic controls are included. In contrast, higher GSE securitization shares correlate with lower vacancy outcomes in several specifications. The interaction between GSE securitization and underserved tract status indicates that the vacancy-reducing association of agency lending weakens in economically vulnerable communities. Aalbers, M. B. (2016). ‘The Financialization of Homes and the Mortgage Market Crisis’. In The Financialization of housing pp. 40-63. Routledge. Adelino, M., Gerardi, K., and Willen, P. (2014). ‘Why Don’t Lenders Renegotiate More Home Mortgages?’ Journal of Monetary Economics, 60, pp 835-853 Bratton, W. W., and Levitin, A. J. (2020). ‘A Tale of Two Markets: Regulation and Innovation in Post-crisis Mortgage and Structured Finance Markets’. University of Illinois Law Review, pp. 47. Cetorelli, N., and Peristiani, S. (2012). ‘The Role of Banks in Asset Securitization’. Economic Policy  Review. Courchane, M. J., and Ross, S. L. (2019). ‘Evidence and Actions on Mortgage Market Disparities: Research, Fair Lending Enforcement, and Consumer Protection’. Housing Policy Debate, 29(5), pp. 769-794. Demiroglu, C., and James, C. M. (2014). ‘The Dodd–Frank Act and the Regulation of Risk Retention in Mortgage-Backed Securities’. Perspectives on Dodd-Frank and Finance, p. 201. Elul, R. (2009). ‘Securitization and Mortgage Default: Reputation vs. Adverse Selection’. pp. 09–21. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. Faber, J. W. (2018). ‘Segregation and the Geography of Creditworthiness: Racial Inequality in a Recovered Mortgage Market’. Housing Policy Debate, 28(2), pp. 215-247. Ghent, A., and Kudlyak, M. (2011). ‘Recourse and Residential Mortgage Default’. Review of Financial Studies, 24(3), pp. 3139–3186 Immergluck, D., and Smith, G. (2006). ‘The External Costs of Foreclosure: The Impact of Single-      family Mortgage Foreclosures on Property Values’. Housing Policy Debate, 17(1), pp. 57–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2006.9521566 Kalikman, P. L., and Scally, J. (2021). ‘Targeted Principal Forgiveness Is Effective: Mortgage Modifications and Financial Crisis’. preprint. Kruger, S. (2018). ‘The Effect of Mortgage Securitization on Foreclosure and Modification’. Journal of Financial Economics, 129(9), pp 586-607 Mian, A., Sufi, A., and Trebbi, F. (2015). ‘Foreclosures, House Prices, and the Real Economy. The Journal of Finance, 70(6), pp. 2587-2634. Piskorski, T., Seru, A., and Vig, V. (2010). ‘Securitization and Distressed Loan Renegotiation.’ Journal of Financial Economics. https://doi.org/10.24052/IJBED/V14IS02/ART-03 https://ijbed.org/cdn/article_file/IJBED-0078-V14-N2-Nov26.pdf Saverio Iaconis Amel Ben Abdesslem Zhengwei Fu Foreclosure regimes Housing distress Housing finance Mortgage securitization Vacancy rates 2333 215 0

243 https://ijbed.org/details&cid=243 2026-10-01 This study investigates how external engagement, knowledge exchange, and strategic human resource management jointly shape organisational competitiveness. It addresses three research questions: how external networks influence strategic HRM practices, how external knowledge flows strengthen HR capabilities, and how these dynamics support competitiveness outcomes. Grounded in Strategic HRM and knowledge‑based perspectives, the study positions external engagement as a strategic channel through which organisations access expertise, emerging practices, and global insights that complement internal HR systems. A cross‑sectional survey of HR leaders and senior managers across multiple sectors is combined with secondary data on partnership activity. Partial least squares structural equation modelling is used to examine the relationships between external engagement, knowledge‑sharing practices, HRM alignment, and perceived competitiveness. Key findings show that organisations with stronger outward‑facing relationships report higher levels of knowledge inflow, more coherent HRM alignment with strategic goals, and stronger perceptions of competitiveness. Knowledge‑sharing acts as a central mechanism linking external connections to HR capability development, while HRM alignment serves as a pathway through which external engagement enhances organisational outcomes. The study provides an  empirically tested framework that connects the above concepts with HR and show how external networks operate as strategic HR resources to support adaptability, innovation, and long‑term organisational strength. economies. Ahuja G (2000). Collaboration networks, structural holes, and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly 45: 425‑455. Akobeng E (2016). Remittances, inequality and poverty in Sub‑Saharan Africa. Journal of Economic Studies 43(3): 358‑372. Ali S, et al. (2019). 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The HR value proposition revisited. People & Strategy 40(3): 16‑22. Van Wijk R, Jansen J, Lyles M (2008). Knowledge transfer meta‑analysis. Journal of Management Studies 45(4): 830‑853. Wright P, McMahan G (2011). Exploring human capital. HRM Journal 21(2): 93‑104. Wright P, Ulrich D (2017). The evolving role of HR in strategy. https://ijbed.org/cdn/article_file/4.-ROGE-IJBED-2026-1050-PRV-Dr.-Evangelia-Fragouli.pdf Evangelia Fragouli External Engagement Knowledge Exchange Strategic HRM Organisational Competitiveness 1887 55 0