International Journal of Business and Economic Development Volume 01 Issue 1 (March 2013) Issue citation and reference package ======================================================================== 1. Do taxes generate more on economic development? Evidence from income's group and OECD countries Authors: Taufik Abd Hakim; Imbarine Bujang; Ismail Ahmad Published: 02 Mar 2014 Article URL: https://ijbed.org/details&cid=1 References: Baltagi, B. H. (2005). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, 3rd ed. New York: Wiley. Baunsgaard, T., and M. Keen. (2005). Tax revenue and (or?) trade liberalization. IMF Working Paper No.112. Berger, T. and G. Everaert. (2010). Is the Impact of Labour Taxes on Unemployment Asymmetric? Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 35 , 1-14. Biddle, G., and G. Hilary. (2006). Accounting quality and firm-level capital investment. The Accounting Review, 81, 963-982. Biddle, G., G. Hilary, and R. Verdi. (2009). How does financial reporting quality relate to investment efficiency? Journal of Accounting and Economics, 48, 112-131. Bonu N. S. and Pedro M. P. (2009). The impact of income tax rates (ITR) on the economic development of Botswana. Journal of Accounting and Taxation,1(1) , 008-022. Breitung, J., and M. H. Pesaran. (2005). Unit Roots and Cointegration in Panels, The Econometrics of Panel Data, 3rd ed. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Bretschger, L. (2010). Taxes, mobile capital, and economic dynamics in a globalizing world. Journal of Macroeconomics 32, 594–605. Breusch, T., and A. Pagan. (1979). A Simple Test of Heteroskedasticity and Rrandom Coefficient Variation. Econometrica 47, 1287-1294. Brumbaugh, D. L. (2006). Taxes and International Competitiveness. CRS Report for Congress , 1-6. Chen, D., J. Mintz and A. Tarasov. (2007). The High-Tax Handicap: How the World's Major Economies Shoot Themselves in the Foot with High Corporate Income Tax Rates. C.D. Howe Institute , 1-49. Engen, E. M., and J. Skinner. (1996). Taxation and Economic Growth. NationalTax Journal 49(4), 617-642. Gavin, W. T., F. E. Kydland and M. R. Pakko. (2007). Monetary policy, taxes, and the business cycle. Journal of Monetary Economics, 54 , 1587–1611. Ghinamo, M., P. M. Panteghini and F. Revelli. (2007). FDI determination and corporate tax competition in a volatile world. CESifo Working Paper No. 1965. Glomm, G., and B. Ravikumar. ( 1998). taxes government spending on education and growth. Review of Economic Dynamics 1, 306–325. Gober, J.R., and J. O. Burns. (1997). The Relationship Between Tax Structures and Economic Indicators. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing & Taxation, 6, l-24. Hakim, T. A. and I. Bujang. (2011). The Impact and Consequences of Tax Revenues’ Components on Economic Indicators: Evidence from Panel Group Data. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics , 63 (3), 82-95. Hanlon, M., and S. Heitzman. (2010). A review of tax research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 1-52. Hristu-Varsakelis, D., S. Karagianni and A. Saraidaris. (2011). Equilibrium conditions in corporate tax competition and Foreign Direct Investment flows. Economic Modelling, 28 , 13-21. Im, K. S., M. H. Pesaran and Y. Shin. (2003). Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115, 53-74. Jenkins, P. G. (1989). Tax changes before tax policies, M. Gillis, ed. Tax Reform in Developing Countries, Duke University Press, Durham and London , 233-251. Koch, S. F., N. J. Schoeman, and J. J.Van Tonder (2005). Economic Growth and the Structure of Taxes in South Africa: 1960-2002. South African Journal of Economics, 73 (2), 190 – 210. Levin, A., and C. F. Lin. (1992). Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties. UC San Diego, Working Paper, 92-123. Levin, A., and C. F. Lin. (1993). Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties. Unpublished manuscript, University of California, San Diego. Levin, A., C. F. Lin, and J. Chu. (2002). Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite-Sample Properties. Journal of Econometrics. 108, 1-24. Mahdavi, S. (2008). The level and composition of tax revenue in developing countries:Evidence from unbalanced panel data. International Review of Economics and Finance 17 , 607–617. Mamatzakis, E. C. (2005). The Dynamic Responses of Growth to Tax Structure for Greece. Applied Economic Letters, 12, 177-180. Marsden, K. (1983). Links between taxes and economic growth. World Bank Staff Working Paper Number 605, The World Bank, Washington, D.C. McNichols, M., and S. Steubben. (2008). Does earnings management affect firms' iinvestment decisions? The Accounting Review, 83, 1571–1603. Mileva, E. (2007). Using Arellano – Bond Dynamic Panel GMM Estimators in Stata. Economics Department, Fordham University , 1-10. Osbat, C. (2004). Panel unit root and panel cointegration methods. European Central Bank, 1-84. Padovano, F., and E. Galli. (2001). Tax Rates and Economic Growth in OECD Countries. Economic Inquiry 39 (1), 44-57. Padovano, F., and E. Galli. (2002). Comparing the Growth Effects of Marginal vs. Average Tax Rates and Progressivity. European Journal of Political Economy 18, 529-544. Peter, V. M., and I. A. Kerr. (2001). The Influence of Tax Mix and Tax Policy on Savings and Capital Formationin Developing: A Survey. Asia-Pacific Development Journal, 8 (1), 13-40. Saxton, J. (1997). Taxes and Long-Term Economic Growth. Joint Economic Committee, United States Congress , 1-13. Scholes, M. S., and M. A. Wolfson. (1992). Taxes and business strategy: A planning approach. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Slemrod, L. (2003). The Truth About Taxes and Economic Growth. Challenge, 46(1), 5-14. Stokey, N.L., and S. Rebelo. (1995). Growth effects of flat-rate taxes. Journal of Political Economy 103, 519-550. Turnovsky, S.J. (1996a). Optimal Tax, Debt, and Expenditure Policies in a Growing Economy. Journal of Public Economics, 60, 21-44. Uhlig, H., and N. Yanagawa. (1995). Increasing the capital income tax leads to faster growth. European Economic Review, 40, 1521-1540. Wanniski, J. (1978). Taxes, Revenue and “Laffer Curve”. A New Look At Taxation, 1, 3-16. World Bank. (2012). World Development Indicators. World Bank, Washington, D.C. Zee, H. H. (1996). Empirics of Crosscountry Tax Revenue Comparisons. World Development Vol. 24, No. 10, , 1659-1671. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Technology readiness and EFTPoS usage in Zimbabwe Authors: Richard Shambare Published: 02 Mar 2014 Article URL: https://ijbed.org/details&cid=2 References: Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behaviour. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes50: 179-211. Aldas-Manzano, J., Lassala-Navarre, C., Ruiz-Mafe, C. & Sanz-Blas, S. (2009). The role of consumer innovativeness and perceived risk in online banking usage. International Journal of Bank Marketing27(1): 53-75. Berger, S. (2009). Self-service technology for sales purposes in branch banking: The impact of personality and relationship on customer adoption. International Journal of Bank Marketing27(7): 488-505. Berndt, A.D., Saunders, S.G. & Petzer, D.J. (2010). Readiness for banking technologies in developing countries. Southern African Business Review14(3): 47-76. Brown, I., Cajee, Z., Davies, D. & Stroebel, S. (2003). Cell phone banking: predictors of adoption in South Africa - an exploratory study. International Journal of Information Management23: 381-394. Calder, B.J., Phillips, L.W. & Tybout, A.M. (1981). Designing Research for Application. The Journal of Consumer Research8(2): 197-207. Chen, S. & Li, S. (2010). Consumer adoption of e-service: Integrating technology readiness with the theory of planned behaviour. African Journal of Business Management4(16): 3556-3563. Davis, D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology. MIS Quarterly13(3): 319-340. Dube, T., Chitura, T. & Runyowa, L. (2009). Adoption and Use of Internet Banking in Zimbabwe: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce14(1): 1-13. Farquhar, J.D. & Meidan, A. (2010). Marketing Financial Services, 2nd ed. London, Palgrave MacMillan. Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS, 3rd Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage. Ho, S.S.M. & Ng, V.T.F. (1994). Risk Perceptions of Electronic Payment Systems. International Journal of Bank Marketing12(8): 26-38. Jayamaha, R. (2008). The Impact of IT in the Banking Sector. Colombo. Kumar, A. & Gupta, H. (2008). Branchless banking and financial inclusion. Silicon IndiaAugust 2008: 40-42. Maenpaa, K. (2006). Clustering the consumers on the basis of their perceptions of the Internet banking services. Internet Research16(3): 304-322. Malholtra, N. (2010). Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation, 6th Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ, Pearson. Meuter, M.L., Bitner, M.J., Ostrom, A.L. & Brown, S.W. (2005). Choosing among alternative service delivery modes: an investigation of customer trial of self-service. Journal of Marketing69 (April 2005): 61-83. Mlambo, A. & Raftopoulos, B. (2010). The regional dimensions of Zimbabwe's multi-layered crisis: an Analysis. Election processes, Liberation movements and Democratic change in Africa. Maputo, Mozambique, CMI and IESE. Moutinho, L. & Meidan, A. (1989). Bank Customers' Perceptions, Innovations and New Technology. International Journal of Bank Marketing7(2): 22-27. Moyo, J. (2010). "No change in Zimbabwe." Mail & Guardian, Aug. 02, 2010. from http://mg.co.za/article/2010-08-02-no-change-in-zimbabwe. Ozer, G. & Gunluk, M. (2010). The effects of discrimination perception and job satisfaction on Turkish public accountants' turnover intention. African Journal of Business Management4(8): 1500-1509. Parasuraman, A. (2000). Technology Readiness Index (TRI): A multiple-item scale to measure readiness to embrace new technologies. Journal of Service Research2(4): 307-320. Parasuraman, A. & Colby, C. (2001). Techno-ready Marketing. New York, The Free Press. Prendergast, G. & Marr, N. (1994). Towards a Branchless Banking Society. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management22(2): 18-26. Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (2011a). Monetary Policy Statement, January 2011, RBZ. January 2011. Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (2011b). Monetary Policy Statement, July 2011. RBZ. Harare. July 2011. Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (2012). Surrender of licence and closure of Royal Bank Zimbabwe Limited. Harare. Richardson, C. (2005). How the loss of Property Rights caused Zimbabwe's Collapse. Economic Development Bulletin4. Robertson, J. (2011). "Banks to return to SA coins." Economic Views from Zimbabwe Retrieved 19 February 2012, from http://odettejohnrobertson.blogspot.com/2011/03/banks-to-return-sa-coins.html. Robertson, T.S. (1967). The process of Innovation and the Diffusion of Innovation. The Journal of Marketing31(1): 14-19. Rogers, E. (1995). Diffusion of Innovations, 4th edition. New York, The Free Press. Shivers-Blackwell, S.L. & Charles, A.C. (2006). Ready, set, go: examining student readiness to use ERP technology. Journal of Management Development25(8): 795-805. Tsikriktsis, N. (2004). A Technology Readiness-Based Taxonomy of Customers: A replication and extension. Journal of Service Research7(1): 42-52. Walczuch, R., Lemmink, J. & Streukens, S. (2007). The effect of service employees' technology readiness on technology acceptance. Information & Management44 (2007): 206-215. Yi, Y., Tung, L.L. & Wu, Z. (2003). Incorporating technology readiness (TR), into TAM:" are individual traits important to understand technology acceptance? Diffusion Interest Group in Information Technology (DIGIT) Workshop. Seattle, WA, DIGIT ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Impact of Moral Reasoning on Law and Ethical Decision-making: A Comparative Study on Business Majors at Higher Learning Institutions in the Klang Valley. Authors: Premagowrie Sivanandan; Ambikai S. Thurasingam; Cho Cho Wai Published: 03 Mar 2014 Article URL: https://ijbed.org/details&cid=3 References: Ameen, E. C., Guffey, D. M. & McMillan, J. J. (1996), Gender Differences in Determining the Ethical Sensitivity of Future Accounting Professionals, Journal of Business Ethics, 15(5), pp. 591 – 597. Armstrong, M. B. (1993). Ethics and Professionalism in Accounting Education: A Sample Course, Journal of Accounting Education, 11, pp. 77-92. Austin, John, The Province of Jurisprudence Determined, Indianapolis/Cambridge 1954. Betz, M., O’Connell, L. & Shephard, M. (1989). Gender Differences in Productivity for Unethical Behavior, Journal of Business Ethics, 8, pp. 321–324. Buller, P. F., Kohls, J. J. & Anderson, K. S. (1991). The Challenge of Global Ethics, Journal of Business Ethics, 10(10), pp. 767–775.  Carmel, H. & Scott, W. (2007). Does Marketing Attract Less Ethical Students? An Assessment of the Moral Reasoning Ability of Undergraduare Marketing Students. Journal of Marketing Education, 29, pp. 154-163. Dworkin, Ronald, Law’s Empire, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (Belknap), 1986, pp. 190-191. Elm, D. R., & Nichols, M. L. (1993). An Investigation of the Moral Reasoning of Managers. Journal of Business Ethics, 12, pp. 817-833. Fuller, Lon L., Positivism and the Fidelity to Law: A Reply to Professor Hart, Harvard Law Review Vol. 71 1958, p. 644-57. Fulmer, W. E., & Cargile, B. R. (1987). Ethical Perceptions of Accounting Students: Does Exposure to a Code of Professional Ethics Help? Issues in Accounting Education, 2, pp. 207-219. Harris, J.W., 1980, Legal Philosophies, London; Butterworths Hart, H. L. A., The Concept of Law, Oxford 1961; Hart, H. L. A., Essays on Bentham, Oxford 1982. Hart, H. L. A., Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals, Harvard Law Review Vol.71 1958, p. 603. Husted, B. W., Dozier, J. B., McMahon, J. T. & Kattan, M. W. (1996). The Impact of Cross-National Carriers of Business Ethics on Attitudes about Questionable Practices and Form of Moral Reasoning, Journal of International Business Studies, 27(2), pp. 391–411.  John Rawls, 1921, 1999; A Theory of Justice, Cambridge: Harvard University Press Kelsen, Hans, General Theory of Law and State, Cambridge, Massachusetts [1960]. Mayhew, M. J. & King, P. M. (2008), How Curricular Content and Pedagogical Strategies affect Moral Reasoning Development in College Students, Journal of Moral Education, 37(1), pp. 17–40. McNeel, S. P. (1994). College teaching and student moral development, in: J. Rest & D. Narvaez (Eds) Moral development in the professions: Psychology and Applied Ethics (Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum), 27–49.  Poff, D. (2007), Duties Owed in Serving Students: The Importance of Teaching Moral Reasoning and Theories of Ethical Leadership in Educating Business Students, Journal of Academic Ethics, 5 (1), pp. 25 – 31.  Raz, Joseph, The Authority of Law, Oxford 1979, Ch. 3;  Raz, Joseph, Authority, Law and Morality, The Monist Vol. 68 1985, p. 295-324. Ross, Alf, On Law and Justice, Berkeley & Los Angeles 1959. Burks, B. D. & Sellani, R. (2008). Ethics, Religiosity, and Moral Development of Business Students. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, pp. 49–71.  Shaub, M. K. (1994). An Analysis of the Association of Traditional Demographic Variables with the Moral Reasoning of Auditing Students and Auditors, Journal of Accounting Education, 12 (1), pp. 1–26.  Spaak, Torben, Legal Positivism, Law’s Normativity, and the Normative Force of Legal Justification, in Ratio Juris Vol. 16:4 2003, p. 469-85. Spaak, Torben, (Review of) Rex Martin, A System of Rights Theoria, Vol. 61 1995, p. 80. Thurasingam, A. & Sivanandan, P. (2012). Gen Y’s Perception towards Law and Ethics, Journal of Advanced Social Research, 2(1), pp. 52–66.  Trevino, L. K. (1992). Moral Reasoning and Business Ethics: Implications for Research, Education and Management, Journal of Business Ethics, 11(5–6), pp. 445–459.  Trevino, L. K. & Youngblood, S. A. (1990). Bad Apples in Bad Barrels: A Causal Analysis of Ethical Decision-making Behaviour, Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(4), pp. 378–385.  Weber, Max, 1954, Law in Economy and Society, edited by Max R, Rheinstein, Cambridge Wasserstrom, Richard A. “The Obligation to Obey the Law, in The Duty to Obey the Law, edited by William A. Edmundson, Lantham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999, p. 21. Wilhelm, W. J. & Czyzewski, A. B. (2006), A Quasi-Experimental Study of Moral Reasoning of Undergraduate Business Students, Delta Pi Epsilon Journal, 48(3), pp. 129–143. Windsor, J. C. & Cappel, J. J. (1999). A Comparative Study of Moral Reasoning, College Student Journal, 33(2). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Job Performance as a mediator between Role Stressors and Turnover Intentions A Study from an Egyptian cultural perspective Authors: Mohamed A. Rageb; Eman Mohamed Abd-El-Salam; Ahmed El-Samadicy; Shaimaa Farid Published: 03 Mar 2014 Article URL: https://ijbed.org/details&cid=4 References: Abdalla, I.A. (1991), "Social support and gender responses to job stress in an Arab culture", Journal of Social Behaviour and Personality, Vol 6, No 7, pp. 273-288. Abraham, R. (1999), “The impact of emotional dissonance on organizational commitment and intention to turnover”, The Journal of Psychology, Vol. 133, No. 4, pp. 441-455. Aghdasi, S.; Kiamanesh, A. R.; Ebrahim, A. N., (2011), “Emotional Intelligence and organizational commitment: testing the mediatory role of occupational stress and job satisfaction”, Procedia social andBehavioural Sciences, Vol 29, pp. 1965-1976. Alniacik, U.; Cigerim, E.; Akein, K.; Bayram, O., (2011), “Independent and joint effects of perceived corporate reputation, affective commitment and job satisfaction on turnover intentions”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 24, pp. 1177-1189. Armutlulu, I. H.; and Noyan, F. (2011), “A multilevel of organizational commitment”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol.30, pp.2139-2143. Arnold, T.; Flaherty, K. E.; Voss, K. E.; Mowen, J. C., (2009), “Role Stressors and Retail Performance: The Role of Perceived Competitive Climate”, Journal of Retailing, Vol.85, No. 2, pp. 194-205. Babin, B. J.; and Boles, J.S., (1996), “The effects of perceived co-worker involvement and supervisor support on service provider role stress, performance and job satisfaction”, Journal of Retailing, Vol.72, Spring, pp. 57-75. Bagozzi, R. P. (1978), "Sales force performance and satisfaction as a function of individual difference, interpersonal and situational factors", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 15 (November), pp. 517-31 Bateman, T., and Organ, D. W., (1983), “Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and employee citizenship”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol 26, pp.587−595. Bateman, T., and Strasser, S., (1984), “A Longitudinal analysis of the antecedents of organizational commitment”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol 27, pp. 95−112. Beehr, T. A.; and Franz, T. M., (1987), “The current debate about the meaning of job stress”, Journal of organizational behaviour management, Vol. 8, (Fall-Winter), PP: 5-18. Behrman, D. N.; and Perreault, W. D. Jr, (1984), "A role stress model of the performance and satisfaction of industrial salespersons", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 48, Fall, PP: 9-21. Bhuian, S. N., and Menguc, B., (2002), “An extension and evaluation of job characteristics, organizational commitment and job satisfaction in an expatriate, guest worker, sales setting”, Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Vol 22, pp. 1−11. Black, S. (1988) “Work Role Transitions: A Study of American Expatriate Managers in Japan,” Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp.277-294. Boles J.S.; Babin, B.J., (1996) “On the front lines: stress, conflict, and customer service provide”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp.41–50 Boshoff, C., and Mels G. (1995), "A causal model to evaluate the relationships among supervision, role stress, organizational commitment and internal service quality", European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 29 No. 2, pp. 23-42. Brown, A. D. and Humphreys, M. (1996), "International cultural differences in public sector management: Lessons from a survey of British and Egyptian technical education manager", International Journal of Public Sector Management, Vol. 8 No. 3, pp.5-23. Brown, S. P. and Peterson, R.A. (1994), "The effect of effort on sales performance and job satisfaction", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 58, pp. 70-80. Brown, S.P and Peterson, R.A. (1993), "Antecedents and consequences of salesperson job satisfaction: meta-analysis and assessment of causal effects", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 30, pp. 63-77. Buitendach, J.H.; and De Witte, H., (2005), “Job insecurity, extrinsic and intrinsic job satisfaction and affective organisational commitment of maintenance workers in a parastatal”, South African Journal of Business Management, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp.27-37. Carbery, R.; Garavan, T.N.; O’Brien, F.; McDonnell, J.,(2003), “Predicting hotel managers’turnover cognitions”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 18, No. 7, pp. 649–679. Chatman, J., (1991), “Matching people and organizations: Selection and socialization in public accounting firms”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol 36, pp.459−484. Chen, C. F., (2006), “Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and flight attendants’ turnover intentions: A note”, Journal of Air Transport Management, Vol. 12, pp. 274–276. Chiang, F.F.T.; and Britch, T.A., (2011), “Reward climate and its impact on service quality orientation and employee attitudes”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 30, pp. 3-9. Cho, Y. N; Rutherford, B. N.; Park, J. K. (2012), “Emotional labour’s impact in a retail environment”, Journal of Business Research, pp. 1-8 Under press. Chung, B. G. and Schneider, B. (2002), "Serving multiple masters: role conflict experienced by service employees", Journal of services Marketing, Vol. 16 No. 1, pp. 70-87. Coelho, F.; Augusto, M.; Coelho, A.; Sá, P.; Soares, E., (2005), The indirect effects of organizational culture on salesperson customer orientation. 34th EMAC proceedings, Milan. Currivan, D. B. (1999), “The causal order of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in models of employee turnover”, Human Resource Management Review, Vol 9, pp. 495−524. Deconinck, J.B. (2009), “The effect of leader-member exchange on turnover among retail buyers”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 62, No.11, pp. 1081- 1086. Draper, J.; Halliday, D.; Jowett, S.; Norman, I.; Watson, R.; Wilson-Barnett, J.; Normand, C.; O’Brien, K., (2004), “NHS cadet schemes: student experience, commitment, job satisfaction and job stress”, Nurse Education Today, Vol. 24, pp. 219-228. Dubinsky, A. J.; Howell, R. D.; Ingram, T. N.; Bellenger, D. N., (1986), “Sales force socialization”, Journal of Marketing, Vol 50, (October), pp. 192−207. Duxbury L; and Higgins C., (2001), “Work life in the new millennium: where are we? Where do we need to go?”. Discussion Paper, vol. W12. Canadian Policy Research Networks, October. Farkas, A.J. and Tetrick, L.E. (1989), “A three-wave longitudinal analysis of the causal ordering of satisfaction and commitment on turnover decisions”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 74, pp. 855-868. Fitcher, C. and Cipolla, J. (2010), "Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity, Job Satisfaction, and Burnout among Financial Advisors", The Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, Vol. 15 No. 2, pp.256-261. Fletcher, C.; and Williams, R., (1996), “Performance management, job satisfaction and organizational commitment”, British Journal of Management, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp.169–179. Fried Y,; Ben-David, H.A.; Tiegs, R.B,; Avital, N.; Yeverechyahu, U., (1998),“The interactive effect of role conflict and role ambiguity on job performance”, Journal of Occupational Organizational Psychology Vol.71, pp.19–27. Ganesan, S., and Weitz B. A. (1996), "The impact of Staffing Policies on Retail- Buyer Job Attitudes and Behaviours", Journal of Retailing, Vol. 72 No. 1, PP. 31-56. Gieter, S. D.; Hofmans, J.; Pepermans, R. (2011), “Revisiting the impact of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on nurse turnover intention: An individual differences analysis”, International Journal of Nursing Studies, Vol.48, pp. 1562-1569. Golden, T.D.; and Veiga, J.F., (2008), “The impact of superior-subordinate relationships on the commitment, job satisfaction, and performance of virtual workers”, The Leadership Quarterly, Vol 19, pp. 77-88. Griffeth, R.W.; Hom, P.W.; Gaetner, S., (2000), “A meta-analysis of antecedents and correlates of employee turnover: update, moderator tests, and research implication for the next millennium”, Journal of Management, Vol. 26, pp. 463–488. Guleryuz, G.; Guney, S.; Aydin, E.M.; Asan, O., (2008), “The mediating effect of job satisfaction between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment of nurses: A questionnaire survey”, International Journal of Nursing Studies, Vol. 45, pp. 1625-1635. Hackman, J.R.; and Oldham, G. R., (1974), “The job diagnostic survey: An Instrument for the diagnosis of jobs and the evaluation of job redesign projects”, Technical report # 4 New Haven, CT: Department of Administrative Sciences, Yale University. Hackman, J.R.; and Oldham, G. R., (1975), “Development of the job diagnostic survey”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.60, No. 2, pp. 159-170. Hartline, M. D. and Ferrell, O. C. (1996), "The management of customer-contact service employees: an empirical investigation", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 60 (October), pp.52-70. Hoppock, R. (1935). Job satisfaction. New York: Harper and Brother. House, R. J., and Dessler, G. (1974), The path- goal theory of leadership: Some post hoc and a priori tests. In J. Hunt and L. Larson (Ed), Contingency approaches to leadership (pp.29-55). Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. House, R. J., and Mitchell, T. R. (1974), "The path- goal theory of leadership", Contemporary Business, Vol. 3, pp.81-98. House, R. J., and Rizzo, J, R. (1972), "Role conflict and ambiguity as critical variables in a model of organisational behaviour", Organisational Behaviour and Human Performance, Vol. 7 (June), pp. 467-505. House, R. J.,(1971), “A Path-Goal theory of leadership effectiveness”, Administrative Science quarterly, Vol. 16 (September), PP.321-338. Hrebiniak, L.G.; and Alutto, J., (1972), “Personal and role-related factors in the development of organizational commitment'', Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 17, pp. 555-73. Humphreys, M. (1996),"Culture difference and its effect on the management of technical education", Leadership and Organisation Development Journal, Vol.. 17 No. 2, pp .34–41. Hunt, S. D.; Chonko, L. B.; Wood, V. R, (1985), “Organizational commitment and marketing”, Journal of Marketing, Vol 49, pp. 112−126. Hunt, S.D.; Chonko, L. B.; Wood, V. R., (1985), “Organizational commitment and marketing” Journal of Marketing, Vol 49, (winter), pp. 112–26. Huselid, M.A., (1995), “The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity and corporate financial performance” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.38, No. 3, pp.635– 672. Huselid, M.A.; Becker, B.E., (1996), “Methodological issues in cross-sectional and panel estimates of the human resource-firm performance link”, Industrial Relations, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 400–422. Igbaria, M.; Meredith, G.; Smith D.C., (1994), “Predictors of intention of IT professionals to stay with the organization in South Africa”, Information and Management, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 245–256. Ingram, T.N.; and Kuen, S.L., (1990), “Sales force commitment and turnover”, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp.149–154. Ivancevich, J.M.; and Matteson, M.T. Organizational Behavior and Management, 4th ed., Irwin, Chicago, 1996. Ivancevich, J.M.; Napier, H.A.; Wetherbe, J.C., (1985), “An empirical study of occupational stress, attitudes and health among information systems personnel”, Information and Management, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 77–85. Johnston, M. W.; Varadarajan, R. P.; Futrell, C. M.; Sager J., (1987), “The relationship between organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among new salespeople”, Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management, Vol. 7,(November), pp.29–38. Jones, E.; Chonko, L.B.; Rangarajan, D.; Roberts, J.A., (2007), “The role of overload on job attitudes, turnover intentions, and salesperson performance”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 60, pp. 663-671. Jones, E.; Roberts, J.A.; Chonko, L.B., (2000), “Motivating sales entrepreneurs to change: a conceptual framework of factors leading to successful change management initiatives in sales organizations”, Journal of Marketing Theory Practice, Vol.8, [Spring], pp.37–49 Jones, E.; Stevens, C.; Chonko, L.B., (2005), Selling ASAP: Art, Science, Agility, Kacmar, M. K.; Carlson, D. S.; Brymer, R. A., (1999), “Antecedents and consequences of organizational commitment: A comparison of two scales”, Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol 59, pp. 976−994. Kahn, R.L., Wolfe, D.M., Quinn, R.P., Snoeck, J.D., and Rosenthal, R.A. (1964), Organisational stress: studies in role conflict and ambiguity, New York: Prentice-Hall. Kalbers, L. P.; and Cenker, W. J. (2007), "Organizational commitment and auditors in public accounting", Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 22 No. 4, pp.354-375. Karatepe, O. M.; Yavas, V.; Babakus, E.; Avci, T., (2006), “Does gender moderate the effects of role stress in frontline service jobs?”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 59, pp. 1087-1093. Katz D., and Kahn, R. L. (1978), The social psychology of organisations (2nd Ed.) New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Keaveney, U.M., (1992), “An Empirical investigation of dysfunctional organizational turnover among chain and non-chain retail store buyers”, Journal of Retailing, Vol. 68, No. 2, pp. 145-173. Kim, T.; Cable, D.M; Kim, S., (2005), “Socialization tactics, Employee pro-activity, and Person– Organization fit”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 90, No. 2, pp. 232−241. Kim, W. G.; and Brymer, R. A., (2011), “The effects of ethical leadership on manager job satisfaction, commitment, behavioral outcomes, and firm performance”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 30 pp. 1020– 1026. Kim, W. G.; Leong, J. K.; Lee, Y. K., (2005), “Effect of service orientation on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intention of leaving in a casual dining chain restaurant”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 24, pp.171-193. Koch, J.; and Steers, R., (1978), “Job attachment, satisfaction, and turnover among public sector employees”, Journal of Vocational Behaviour, Vol. 12, pp. 119-128. Koustelios, A.; Theodorakis, N.; and Goulimaris, D. (2004), "Role ambiguity, role conflict and job satisfaction among physical education teachers in Greece", The International Journal of Educational Management, Vol. 18 No. 2, pp.87–92. Krausz, M.; Brandwein, T.; Fox, S., (1995), ‘‘Work attitudes and emotional responses of permanent, voluntary, and involuntary temporary-help employees’’, Applied Psychology: an International Review, Vol. 44, pp. 217-32. Lam, T., Baum, T., and Pine, T. (2001),"Study of managerial job satisfaction in Hong Kong’s Chinese restaurants", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 13 No. 1, pp.35-42. Larsen, S.; Marnburg, E.; Øgaard, T., (2012), “Working onboard e Job perception, organizational commitment and job satisfaction in the cruise sector”, Tourism Management, No.33, pp. 592-597. Leat, M. and El-Kot, G. (2007), "HRM practices in Egypt: the influence of national context?" The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp.147-58. Lee, Y.-K.; Park, D.H.; Yoo, D., (1999), “The structural relationships between service orientation, mediators, and business performance in Korea hotel firms”, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 59–70. LeRouge, C.; Nelson, A.; Blanton, J. E., (2006), “The impact of role stress fit and self-esteem on the job attitudes of IT professionals”, Information and Management, Vol. 43, pp. 928-938. Locke, E. A. (1969), “What is Job Satisfaction?”, Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance, Vol.4, No. 4, pp. 309–36. Locke, E. A., (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. M. D. Dunnette (Ed). Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Behavior. (pp. 1297-1349). Chicago: Rand Mc Nally. Locke, E.A. and Latham, G.P. (1990), A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Low, George S., Cravens, David W., Grant, Ken, and Moncrief, William C. (2001), "Antecedents and consequences of salesperson burnout", European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 35 No. (5/6), pp:587-611. Lucas, G.H.; Parasuraman, A,; Davis, R.A.; Enis, B.M., (1987), “An empirical study of sales force turnover”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 51(July), pp.34– 59. MacKenzie, S. B.; Podsakoff, P. M.; Ahearne, M., (1998), “Some possible antecedents of in-role and extra-role salesperson performance”, Journal of Marketing, Vol 62, (July) pp.87−98. Martin, C.L.; and Bennett, N., (1996), “The role of justice judgments in explaining the relationship between job satisfaction and organization commitment”, Group and Organization Management, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 84–104. Mathieu, J.E.; and Hamel, K., (1989), “A causal model of the antecedents of organizational commitment among professionals and non professionals”, Journal of Vocational Behaviour, Vol. 34, pp. 299– 317. Mathieu, J.E.; and Zajac, D.M., (1990), “A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment”, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 108, No. 2 (September), pp. 171-194. Mengiuc, B. (1996), “The influence of the market orientation of the firm on sales force behavior and attitudes: Further empirical results”, International Journal of Research in Marketing, Vol. 13, pp. 277-291. Meyer, J. P., and Allen, N. J. (1997). Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research, andApplication. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Meyer, J. P.; Allen, N. J.; Smith, C. A., (1993), “Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three component conceptualization”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 78 No 4, pp.538−551. Meyer, J. P.; and Allen, N. J., (1991), “A three component conceptualisation of organizational commitment”, Human Resource Management Review, Vol 1 No 1, pp. 61−89. Meyer, J. P.; Bobocel, D. R.; Allen, N. J., (1991), “Development of organizational commitment during the first year employment: A longitudinal study of pre- and post-entry influence”, Journal of Management, Vol. 17, pp. 717–733. Miles, R. H.; and Perreault, W. D. Jr, (1976), “Organizational role conflict: its antecedents and consequences”, Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance, Vol 17, October, PP: 19-44 Mobley, W. H., (1982). Employee turnover: causes, consequences, and control. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing. Mobley, W.H., (1977), “Intermediate Linkages in Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 62, p. 4. Moncrief, W. C., Babakus, E., Cravens, D. W, and Johnston, M. (1997), "Examining the antecedents and consequences of salesperson job stress", European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 31 No. (11/12), pp: 786-798. Montgomery, D., Cameron, B., Jeffrey G., and Barnes, J. H. (1996). "A model of financial securities salespersons’ job stress", The Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 10 No. 3, pp.21-38. Moorman, C. (1995), "Organisational market information processes: cultural antecedents and new product outcomes", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 32 (August), pp.318-335. Mor Barak, M.E.; Levin, A.; Nissly, J.A.; Lane, C.J., (2006), “Why do they leave? Modeling child welfare workers’ turnover intentions”, Children and Youth Services Review, Vol. 28, pp. 548-577. Morley, M. J., and Flynn, M. (2003), "The Relationship between work-role characteristics and intercultural transitional adjustment domain patterns among a sample of US and Canadian expatriates on assignment in Ireland", Cross Cultural Management, Vol. 10 No. 3, pp.42-57. Mount, G., (2006). The role of emotional intelligence in developing international business capability: EI provides traction. In V. U. Druskat, F. Sala, & G. Mount (Eds.), Linking emotional intelligence and performance at work: Current research evidence with individuals and groups. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Mowday, R.; Porter, L. W.; Steers, R. M., (1979), “The measure of organizational commitment”, Journal Vocational Behaviour, Vol. 14, pp. 224-247. Mowday, R.; Porter, L. W.; Steers, R. M., (1982), “Employee–organizations linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover”, (New York): Academic Press. Mueller, C.W.; and Price, J.L., (1990), “Economic, psychological and sociological determinants of voluntary turnover”, Journal of Behavioural Economics, Vol.19, pp. 321–335. Nasr, S (2009), "Are Banks in Egypt Catalysts for Economic Development?" Oxford Business and Economics Conference (OBEC). Netemeyer, R.G., Boles, J.S., McKee, D.O. and McMurrian, R. (1997), "An investigation into the antecedents of organisational citizenship behaviors in a personal selling context", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 61 No3, pp.85-98 Odom, R.Y.; Boy, W.R.; Dunn, M.G., (1990), “Organizational culture, commitment, satisfaction and cohesion”, Public Productivity and Management Review, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 157–168. Ohana, M.; and Meyer, M. (2010), “Should I stay or should I go now? Investigating the intention to quit of the permanent staff in social enterprises”, European Management Journal, No 28, pp. 441-454. O'Reilly, C. A. and Caldwell, D. F., (1981), “The commitment and job tenure of new employees: Some evidence of post-decisional justification” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol 26, pp. 597−616. Ownes, R.G., and Steinhoff, C.R., (1989), "Toward a theory of organisational culture", Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 27, pp.6-16. Owusu-Frimpong, N. (1999), "Patronage behaviour of Ghanaian bank customers", The International Journal of Bank Marketing, Bradford, Vol. 17 No. 7, pp.335-342. Pallant, J. (2001).SPSS Survival Manual, Open University Press. Panatik, S. A. B.; Rajab, A.; Shaari, R.; Saat, M. M.; Wahab, S. A.; Noordin, N. F. M., (2012), “Psychosocial Work Condition and Work Attitudes: Testing of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Model in Malaysia”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 40, pp. 591-595. Panatik, S. A. B.; Rajab, A.; Shaari, R.; Saat, M.M.; Wahab, S. A.; Noordin, N. F. M., (2012), “Psychosocial Work Condition and Work Attitudes: Testing of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Model in Malaysia”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 40, pp. 591 – 595. Paulin, M.; Ferguson, R. J.; Bergeron, J., (2006), “Service climate and organizational commitment: The importance of customer linkages”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 59, pp. 906-915.   Pierce, J. L. and Dunham, R. B., (1987), “Organizational commitment: Pre-employment propensity and initial work experiences”, Journal of Management, Vol 13, pp.163−178. Pinder, C. and Schroeder, K. (1987) “Time to proficiency following job transfers,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp.336-356. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., and Hui, C. (1993), "Organisational citizenship behaviours and managerial evaluations of employee performance: A Review and Suggestions for Future Research", Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, Vol. 11, pp.1-40. Porter, L. W.; Steers, R. M.; Mowday, R. T.; Boulian, P. V., (1974), “Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover among psychiatric technicians”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 59, pp. 603−609. Poznanski, P.; and Bline, D., (1997), “Using structural equations modelling to investigate the causal ordering of job satisfaction and organizational commitment among staff accountants”, Behavioural Resources Accounting, Vol.9, pp. 154-71. Prager, H. (2003), "Gaining a competitive advantage through customer service training", Industrial and commercial training, Vol. 35 No 6, pp.259-262. Prager, H. (2003), "Gaining a competitive advantage through customer service training", Industrial and commercial training, Vol. 35 No 6, pp.259-262. Price, J.L.; and Mueller, C.W., (1981), “A causal model of turnover for nurses”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 24, pp. 543–565. Punnett, B.J.; Greenidge, D.; Ramsey, J.,(2007) “Job attitudes and absenteeism: A study in the English speaking Caribbean”, Journal of World Business, Vol. 42, pp. 214-227.Quinn, R.E. (1988), Beyond rational management: Mastering the paradoxes and Competing demands of high performance. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Quinn, R.E. and McGrath, M.R. (1985), “The transformation of organizational cultures: a competing values perspective”, in Frost, P.J. (Ed.), Organizational Culture, Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA. Quinn, R.E., Spreitzer, G. M., and Gretchen, M. (1991), "The psychometrics of the competing values culture instrument and an analysis of the impact of organisational culture on quality of life", Research in Organisational change and Development, Vol. 5, pp.115-142. Rayton, B.A., (2006), “Examining the interconnection of job satisfaction and organizational commitment: an application of the bivariate probit model”, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 17, No.1, pp. 139-154. Reilly, M.D., (1982), “Working wives and convenience consumption”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 8, [March], pp. 407-418. Riketta, M., (2002), “Attitudinal organizational commitment and job performance: a meta-analysis”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 23, pp. 257-66. Rizzo, J. R., House, R. I., and Lirtzman, S. I. (1970), "Role Conflict and Ambiguity in Complex Organisations", Administration Science Quarterly, Vol. 15 (June), pp.150-63. Rogers, J. D., Clow, K. E., and Kash, T. J. (1994), "Increasing Job Satisfaction of Service Personnel", Journal of services Marketing, Vol. 8 No. 1, PP.14-26. Rutherford, B. N.; Boles, J., Hamwi, A. G.; Madupalli, R.; Rutherford, L., (2009), “The role of the seven dimensions of job satisfaction in salesperson's attitudes and behaviours”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 62, pp. 1146–1151. Sahinidis, A. G.; and Bouris, J. (2008), "Employee perceived training effectiveness relationship to employee attitudes", Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 32 No. 1, pp.63-76. Salehi, M.; and Gholtash, A., (2011), “The relationship between job satisfaction, job burnout and organizational commitment with the organizational citizenship behaviour among members of faculty in the Islamic Azad University –first district branches, in order to provide the appropriate model”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 15, pp. 306-310. Schein, E., (1968), “Organizational socialization and the profession of management”, Industrial Management Review, Vol 9, pp.1−6. Schuler, R.S. (1979), "A role perception transactional process model for organisational communication-outcome relationships", Organisational Behaviour and Human Performance, Vol. 23, pp.268-291. Schwepker Jr., C. H. (2001), “Ethical climate’s relationship to job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention in the sales force”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 54, pp. 39-52. Shan, M. H., (1998), “Professional commitment and satisfaction among teachers in urban middle schools”, The Journal of Educational Research, Vol 92, pp. 67-73. Shaw, J.D., (1999), “Job satisfaction and turnover intentions: the moderating role of positive affect”, The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 139, No. 2, pp. 242–244. Shin, H. S.; and Reyes, P., (1995), “Teacher Commitment and Job Satisfaction: A Causal Analysis”, Journal of School Leadership, Vol. 5, pp. 22-39. Silverthorne, C., (2004), ‘‘the impact of organizational culture and person-organization fit on organizational commitment and job satisfaction in Taiwan’’, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Vol. 25, No. 7, pp. 592-599. Singh J., (1998), “Striking a balance in boundary-spanning positions: an investigation of some unconventional influences of role stressors and job characteristics on job outcomes of salespeople”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 62, [July], pp. 69–86 Singh J., (2000), “Performance productivity and quality of frontline employees in service organizations”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 64, pp. 15-34. Singh J.; Goolsby, J.R.; Rhoads, G.K., (1994), “Behavioral and psychological consequences of boundary spanning burnout for customer service representatives”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 31, [November], pp.558-569. Skinner, S. J.; Dubinsky, A. J.; Donnelly, J. H., Jr., (1984), “The use of social bases of power in retail sales”, Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Vol. 4, No.2, pp. 49–56. Slatten, T. (2008),"Antecedents and effects of emotional satisfaction on employee-perceived service quality", Managing Service Quality, Vol. 18 No. 4, pp.370-386. Smith, PC., L.M. Kendall and C.L. Hulin, (1969). The measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement: A strategy for the study of attitudes. Chicago: Rand McNally. Sohi, R. S., (1996), "The effects of environmental dynamism and heterogeneity on salespeople's role perceptions, performance and job satisfaction", European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 30 No 7, pp.49-67. Sohi, R. S.; Smith, D. C.; and Ford, N. M. (1996), "How Does Sharing a Sales Force Between Multiple Divisions Affect Salespeople?" JAMS, Vol. 24 No. 3, pp.195-207. Somers, M., (1995), “Organizational commitment, turnover and absenteeism: an examination of direct and indirect effects”, Journal of Organizational Behaviour, Vol. 16, pp. 49-58. Sousa-Poza, A.; and Henneberger, F., (2003), “Analyzing job mobility with job turnover intentions: An international comparative study”. Discussion Paper No. 82, Research Institute for Labour Economics and Labour Law, University of St. Gallen. Spector, P. E. (1997). Job Satisfaction. Application, assessment, causes, and consequences. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, Inc. Staw, B. M., (1980), Rationalization and justification in organizational life. In B. M. Staw, & L. L.Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behaviour (pp. 45−80). Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press. Steers, R. (1977), “Antecedents and outcomes of organizational effectiveness'', Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 22, pp. 40-56. Still, L. V., (1983), “Part-time versus full-time salespeople: Individual attributes, organizational commitment, and work attitudes”, Journal of Retailing, Vol 59, pp. 55−79. Stodgill, R. M.(1974), Handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research. (1st ed.). New York:Free Press. Stogdill, R., (1974), Handbook of Leadership: A Survey of Theory and Research, Free Press, New York,NY. Sverke, M.; and Sjöberg, A., (1994), “Dual commitment to company and union in Sweden: An examination of predictors and taxonomic split methods”, Economic and Industrial Democracy, Vol. 15, pp. 531–564. Sweeney, J.T.; Quirin, J.J., (2009), “Accountants as layoff survivors: A research note”, Accounting, organizations and society, Vol. 34, pp. 787-795. Teas, K. R., (1983), “Supervisory Behaviour, role stress, and the job satisfaction of industrial salespeople”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol 20, February, pp.84-91. Tett, R. P.; and Meyer, J. P., (1996), “Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention: path analyses based on meta-analytic findings”, personal Psychology, Vol 46, No. 2 (June), pp. 259-293. Tett, R.; and Meyer, J.,(1993), “Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention and turnover: path analyses based on meta-analytic findings”, Personnel Psychology Vol. 46, pp. 259–293. Trice, H., and Beyer, J. (1993), The Culture of Work Organization, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ Trivellas, P. and Dargenidou, D. (2009),"Organisational culture, job satisfaction and higher education service quality. The case of Technological Educational Institute of Larissa", The TQM Journal, Vol. 21 No. 4, pp.382-399. Tsai, P. C. F.; Yen, Y. F.; Huang, L. C.; Huang, I. C., (2007), “A study on motivating employees’ learning commitment in the post-downsizing era: Job satisfaction perspective”, Journal of World Business, Vol. 42, pp. 157-169. Udo, G.J.; Guimaraes, T.; Igbaria, M., (1997), “An investigation of antecedents of turnover intention for manufacturing plant managers”, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Vol 17, No 9, pp. 912–924. Vakola, M. and Bouradas, B. (2005), "Antecedents and consequences of organisational silence: an empirical investigation", Employee Relations, Vol. 27 No. 5, pp.441-458. Vandenberg, R. J.; and Lance, C. E., (1992), “Examining the causal order of job satisfaction and organizational commitment”, Journal of Management, Vol 18, pp. 153-167. Vilela, B. B.; Gonzalez, J. A. V.; Ferrin, P. F., (2008), “Person-organization fit, OCB and performance appraisal: Evidence from matched supervisor–salesperson data set in a Spanish context”, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 37, pp.1005-1019. Walker, O. C. Jr.; Churchill, G. A; and Ford, N. M., (1975), “Organizational Determinants of the Industrial Salesman’s Role Conflict and Ambiguity”, Journal of Marketing, Vol 39, January, PP: 32-39. Walker, O. C. Jr.; Churchill, G. A; and Ford, N. M., (1977), “Motivation and Performance in Industrial Selling: Present knowledge and Needed Research”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol 14, May, PP: 156-168. Wan, H. L. (2007)," Human capital development policies: enhancing employees’ satisfaction", Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 31 No. 4, pp.297-322. Wegge, J.; Schmidt, K.; Parkes, C.; Van Dick, K., (2007), “Taking a Sickie’: job satisfaction and job involvement as interactive predictors of Absenteeism in a Public Organization”, Journal of Occupational andOrganizational Psychology, Vol 80, pp. 77-89. Williams, L. J.; and Hazer, J.T., (1986), “Antecedents and consequences of satisfaction and commitment in turnover modes: a re-analysis using latent variables structural equation methods”, Journal ofApplied Psychology, Vol. 71, No. 2, pp. 219-231. Wong, C.S.; and Law, K.S., (2002), “The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: an exploratory study”, The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 13, pp. 243–274. Wright, T. A. (2005). The role of “happiness” in organizational research: Past, present and future directions. In P. L. Perrewe, & D. C. Ganster (Eds.), Research in occupational stress well-being (pp. 225–268). Amsterdam: JAI. Yamaguchi, I. (2012), “A Japan–US cross-cultural study of relationships among team autonomy, organizational social capital, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment”, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, pp. 1-14, under press. Yang, F. H., and Chang, C. C., (2008), “Emotional labour, job satisfaction and organizational commitment amongst clinical nurses: A questionnaire survey”, International Journal of Nursing Studies, Vol.45, No. 6, pp. 879-887. Yang, J. T., (2010), “Antecedents and consequences of job satisfaction in the hotel industry”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 29, pp. 609-619. Yavas, U.; and Bodur, M., (1999), “Satisfaction among expatriate managers: correlates andconsequences”, Career Development International, Vol 4, No. 5, pp. 261–269. Youssef, D. A. (2000 a), "The Islamic work ethic as a mediator of the relationship between locus of control, role conflict and role ambiguity A study in an Islamic Country setting", Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 15 No. 4, pp..283-302. Youssef, D. A. (2002), "Job satisfaction as a mediator of the relationship between role stressors and organisational commitment. A study from an Arabic culture Perspective", Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 17 No. 4, pp.250-266. Youssef, D.A. (2000 b), “Organisational commitment: a mediator of the relationships of leadership behaviour with job satisfaction and performance in a non-western country”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp.6-28. Yucel, I.; and Bektas, C., (2012), “Job satisfaction, organizational commitment and demographic characteristics among teachers in Turkey: Younger is better?”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 46, pp. 1598 – 1608. Zeffane, R. and McLoughlin, D. (2006), "Cooperation and stress: Exploring the differential impact of job satisfaction, communication and culture", Management Research News, Vol. 29 No.10, pp.618-631. Zeinabadi, H. (2010), “Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of teachers”, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 5, pp.998-1003. Zeinabadi,H.; and Salehi, K., (2011), “Role of procedural justice, trust, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment in Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of teachers: Proposing a modified social exchange model”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 29, pp. 1472-1481 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Still on the Determinants of, and the Effects of Exchange Rate and Monetary Growth on Inflation: Nigeria in the Policy Debate. Authors: Evenly Ndidi Dania; Francis Ilenloa Igberaese Published: 03 Mar 2014 Article URL: https://ijbed.org/details&cid=5 References: Aiyede, E. R. (2002), Decentralizing public sector collective bargaining and the contradictions of federal practice in Nigeria African Study Monographs, 23(1): 11-29  Ajaikanye O. and Ojowu (1994) Exchange Rate Depreciation and Structure of sectoral prices in Nigeria under an alternative pricing Regime, 1986 - 89 Africa Economic Research consortium. Ajayi S.I (1988) "Issues of overvaluation and Exchange rate adjustment in Nigeria" Prepared for Economic Development Institute of the World Bank, Washington D.C Andrew P. Blake, A.P. and Kirsanova,T. (2011), Inflation conservatism and monetary-fiscal policy interactions. International Journal of Central Banking, Vol. 7 No. 2  Bakare, A. S. (2011), An empirical study of the determinants of money supply growth and its effects on inflation rate in Nigeria. Journal of Research in International Business and Management (ISSN: 2251-0028) Vol. 1(5) pp. 124-129  Dornbush R. (1987), "Purchasing power party in Eatwell J.M Milgate and P Newman (eds) 1987”. The New Palgrane: A Dictionary of Economics. Vol. 3 (London; Macmillan Press). Egwaikhide, L. A. Et-al (1984) "Exchange rate Depreciation, Budget Deficit and Inflation - the Nigerian Experience" African Economic Research Consortium. Elbadawi, LA (1990) "Inflationary Process, Stabilization and the Role of Public Expenditure in Uganda", Mimeo, World Bank. Engle, R. & Granger C. (1987) "Co-integration and Error-Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing" Econometric, 55, 251 - 76. Fakiyesi, T. (1996) "Further Empirical Analysis of Inflation in Nigeria", CBN Economic and Financial Review, Vol. 34, No.1. Pp. 489 - 499. Gil-Alana, L. A. et-al (2012), Long memory, structural breaks and mean shifts in the inflation rates in Nigeria. African Journal of Business Management Vol. 6(3), pp. 888-897. Ikhide, S. I. (1993) "Financial Liberalization and the Inflationary Process: Is There a Link in adjusting Developing Countries?", International Review of Economics and Business, Vol. 40, pp. 157 - 174. Imimole, B. and Enoma, A. (2011), Exchange rate depreciation and inflation in Nigeria (1986–2008). Business and Economics Journal, Volume 2011: BEJ-28 James,J and Stehn, J. (2008) Modelling the interactions of monetary and fiscal policies in the US. University of Oxford.  London A. (1989) "Money inflation and adjustment policy III Africa. Some further evidence" African Development Review, Vol. 1. No.2. Masha, I. (2000), New perspectives on inflation in Nigeria. CBN Economic & Financial Review, Vol. 38 No. 2 34-56 Pinto, B. (1990) "Black Market Premia, Exchange Rate Unification and Inflation in Sub-Saharan Africa" , World Bank Economic Review vol. 3, No.3 pp. 321 - 338 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Using a Part-Time MBA Program to Expose Graduate Students to Corporate Governance Authors: Patricia Miller Selvy Published: 03 Mar 2014 Article URL: https://ijbed.org/details&cid=6 References: Addressing Corporate Governance in MBA Programs. Business & the Environment with ISO 14000 Updates. Apr2007, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p7-7. WWW.BeyondGreyPinstripes.org  Business Source Premier. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. Ethics Education in Business Schools; Report of the Ethics Education task Force, 2004,  Association to advance Collegiate Schools of Business International, Tampa Fl. Gioia, Dennis A. "Teaching Teachers to Teach Corporate Governance Differently." Journal of Management & Governance 7.3 (2003): 255-62.  Gloeckler, Geoff. "The Best Business Schools Of 2011." Bloomberg Businessweek (2011): 61-66. Business Source Premier. Heller, N, Heller, V, Ramirez, C, & Gall, L. “Ethics Education in MBA Programs: An  Evaluation.”World Journal of Social Sciences. August 2012. Vol . 2 Issue 5, pp. 253-261. Jacobs, Michael. "How Business Schools have Failed Business." Wall Street Journal: A.13. Apr 24 2009. Podolny, Joel, “Are Business School to Blame?” Harvard Business Review Blog. 2:59 PM March 30, 2009 Purcell, Jeanette. "Viewpoint... Improving MBAs."Personnel Today (2010): 9. Ronald, J. Alsop. "Business Ethics Education in Business Schools: A Commentary."  Journal of Management Education 30.1 (2006): 11-4.  Salois, Gretchen Michals. "Renewed Appreciation for Learning."Directorship36.5 (2010): 49,50,52,54,56-57. Shareff, Reginald. "Want Better Business Theories? Maybe Karl Popper Has The Answer."Academy Of Management Learning & Education 6.2 (2007): 272-280 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Analyzing the Input Output Relationship of Small and Medium Enterprises in Pakistan: An Econometric Approach Authors: S. Azra Batool; Salyha Zulfiqar Published: 03 Mar 2014 Article URL: https://ijbed.org/details&cid=7 References: Admassie, A .and Matambalya, F. (2002). Technical Efficiency of Small and Medium Enterprises: Evidence from a Survey of Enterprises in Tanzania, MUSE Project Brown, M. (1966). On the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cobb, C. W. and Douglas, P. H.A (1928), Theory of Production. American Economic Review, 139-65. Dipa, M. (2004), Productivity in the Small Manufacturing Enterprises: Determinants and Policy Issues, MPRA Paper No. 4867  Farrell, M. J. (1957). "The Measurement of Productive Efficiency." Journal of the RoyalStatistical Society. Series A (General), 120(3): 253-290. Greene, W. H. (1992). Econometric Analysis. New York, MacMillan Publishing Company. Government of Pakistan, Pakistan Economic Survey Various Issues, Islamabad, Ministry Of Finance.  Government of Pakistan, Census of Manufacturing. (2005-06). Islamabad: Federal Board of Statistics. Gujarati, D. N. (1995).Basic Econometrics. New York: McGraw Hill, Inc. 3rd Edition. Hsu, M. and Chen, B. (2000). Labor Productivity of Small and Large Manufacturing Firms: The Case of Taiwan, Contemporary economic policy ,Vol.18, No. 3, Pp270-283 Kumar, M. and Basu, P. (2008).Perspectives Of Productivity Growth in Indian Food Industry: A Data Envelopment Analysis, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. Vol.57 No.7, Pp.503-522 Khalil, A.M. (2002). A Cross Section Estimate of Translog Production Function: Jordanian Manufacturing Industry. Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies.Vol 7. Le, V. and Harvie, C. (2010 ). How Do Vietnamese SMEs Perform? Technical Efficiency of SMEs in the Manufacturing Sector and Its Sub Sectors. Faculty of Commerce - Economics Working Paper Majumder, R. (2004). Productivity Growth in Small Enterprises-Role of Inputs, Technological Progress and Learning by doing, MPRA Paper No.4848 Samuelson, P. Paul Douglas’s Measurement of Production Functions and Marginal  Productivities. Journal of Political Economy, October 1979, 923-39 Sandelin, B.( 1976). On the Origin of the Cobb-Douglas Production Function. Economy and History 19 (2) 117-25. SME Policy (2007).SMEDA Publications. Available at website, www.smeda.org.pk Taymaz, E. (2005). Are Small Firms Really Less Productive? Small Business Economics 25,Pp.429-445 Wengel, J. and Rodriguez, E. (2006).SMEs Export Performance in Indonesia after the Crisis, Small Business Economics 26, Pp.25-37 Zahid,Z.and Mokhtar,M.(2007).Estimating Technical Efficiency of Malaysian Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises: A Stochastic Frontier Modeling, The 4th SMEs in a Global Economy Conference, University of Wollongong, 9-10 July ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Carbon Credit: A Burning Business Issue Authors: Atish Prosad Mondal; Sanchit Sachdev Published: 03 Mar 2014 Article URL: https://ijbed.org/details&cid=8 References: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parties_to_the_Kyoto_Protocol, last visited on 21/06/2012. Guidance note on Accounting for Self-generated Certified Emission Reductions (CERs), issued by ICAI on 17/02/2012, page no.4 (Preface). Newsletter issued by National Solid Waste Association of India (seventh issue), February 2007, page no.2 (www.nswai.com)  Fifth series of white papers of KPMG (UK)- Louis Redshaw, Head of Environmental Markets, Barclays Capital, Year 2008, page no.1  Newsletter issued by National Solid Waste Association of India (seventh issue), February 2007, page no.2 (www.nswai.com) Background Paper on Scaling up Carbon Finance in India: Strategies for Low Carbon growth-prepared by the World Bank, June 2008, page no.iii. ibid, page no.4. ibid, page no.6. ibid, page no. 8. ibid, page no. 9. ibid, page no. 10. ibid, page no. 11. http://www.onlinecarbonfinance.com/india-and-carbon-credits.htm , last visited on 20/6/2012  Cashman M & Hutchinson M (2010), Taxation and Trading of Carbon Credits, International Tax Review, available at http://www.onlinecarbonfinance.com/india-and-carbon-credits.htm  ibid http://www.rediff.com/money/2008/feb/05inter1.htm , last visited on 21/6/2012  25.http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-10-03/news/30238407_1_carbon-credits-krishnapatnam-tilaiya-project , last visited on 21/6/2012  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Trade Liberalization and De Novo Hypothesis in the context of Bangladesh: An Empirical analysis Authors: Abdul Hannan Chowdhury; Raisul Islam Published: 03 Mar 2014 Article URL: https://ijbed.org/details&cid=9 References: Adelman, I. (1984). Beyond Export-Led Growth. World Development, 12, 937-949. Ahmed, N. (2000). Exprt Response to Trade Liberalisation in Bangladesh: A Cointegration Analysis. Journal of Economics, 32. Athukorala, P. (1998). Export Response to Liberalization : the Sri-Lankan Experience. Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics , 39, 49-65. Balassa, B. (1971). The Structure of Protection in Developing Countries. Baltimore: John Hopkins University. Balassa, B. (1985). Exports, Policy Choices, and Economic Growth in Developing Countries After the 1973 Oil Shock. Journal of Development Economics, 18 (1), 23-35. Bacha, E. (1984). Growth with Limited Supplies of Foreign Exchange: a Reappraisal of Two-gap Model. New York: Academic Press. Bhagwati, J. (1988). Export Promoting Trade Strategies : Issues and Evidence. The World Bank Research Observer, 3, 27-57. Brooks, C. (2008). Introductory Econometrics for Finance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cheneray, H. (1966). Foreign Assistence and Economic Development. American Economic Review, 56 (4), 679-733. Corden, W. (1974). Trade Policy and Economic Welfare. Oxford: Clarendon Press,. Dornbusch, R. (1974). Tariffs and Nontraded Goods. Journal of International Economics, 28, 221-54. Edwards, S. (1993). Openness, trade liberalization and growth in developing countries. Journal of Economic Literature , 31, 1358-93. Engle, R. a. (1987). Co-integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation and Testing. Econometrica, 55, 251-276. Ghirmay, T. G. (2001). Exports, Investment, Efficiency and Economic Growth in LDC: An Empirical Investigation. Applied Economics, 33, 689-700. Granger, C. (1980). Testing for causality. Journal of Economic Dynamic and Control , 2, 329-52. Greenaway, D. M. (2002). Trade Liberalization and Growth in Developing Countries. Journal of Development Economics, 67, 229-244. Grenaway, D. (1994). What Does Liberalization Do for Exports and Growth? Weltwirtschaftliches , 130 (1), 152-174. Grossman, G. (1991). Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy. Cambridge, M.A.: The MIT Press. Hatemi-J.A. (2000). Time-Series Evidence for Balassa's Export-Led Growth Hypothesis. Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, 9 (3), 355-365. Helleiner, G. (1995). Manufacturing for Exports in the Developing World: Problems and Possibilities. London and Newyork: Routledge. Heller, P.(1978). Exports and Growth: An Empirical Re-Investigation. Journal of Development Economics, 5, 191-193. Hossain, M.(2002). Export Response to the Reduction of Anti-Export Bias: Empirics from Bangladesh. Brisbane: University of Queensland. Hossain, M.(2004). Exports and Economic Growth in Bangladesh : Has Manufacturing Exports become a New Engine of Expory-Led Growth? The international trade journal, 40 (3), 303-325. Hossain, M. (2003). Trade Liberalization and Economic Performance: Analytics and Empirics from Bangladesh. Brisbane: School of Economics, University of Queensland. Islam, M. (1998). Export Expansion and Economic Growth Testing for Cointegration and Causality. Applied Economics, 30, 415-425. Johansen, S.(1990). Maximum Likelihood Estinmation and Inference on Cointegration-with Application to the demand of Money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52, 169-210. Johnson, H. G. (1950). Factor Endowments, International Trade and Factor Prices. Review of Economic Studies, 1 (48), XIX. Jung, S.(1985). Exports, Growth and Causality in Developing Countries. Journal of Development Economics, 18, 1-12. Karunaratne, M.(2004). Exports and Economic Growth in Bangladesh: Has Manufacturing Exports Become a new Engine of Export-Led Growth. The International Trade Journal , 18 (4), 303-334. Kaldor, N. (1940). A Note on Tariffs and the Terms of Trade, Econometrica, 28, VII. Krugman, P. (1987). Is Trade Policy Passé?’ Economic Perspectives, 1, 131–44. Krugman, P. (1986). New Thinking about Trade Policy. In P. Krugman, Strategic Trade Policy and the New International Economics (1–22). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Levine, R.(1992). A sensitivity analysis of cross-country growth regressions. The American Economic Review , 82, 942-63. Lucas, R. (1988). On the Mechanics of Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, 30–42. Maizels, A. (1963). Industrial Growth and World Trade. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. McKinnon, R. (1964). Foreign Exchange Constraints in Economic Development. Economic Journal, 74, 388-409. Michaely, M. (1976). Export and Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Development Economics, 4, 49-53. Rahman, S. (1995). Trade and Industrialization in Bangladesh: An Assessment. (G. Helleiner, Ed.) Manufacturing for Exports in the Developing World: Problems and Possibilities . Romer, P. (1989). What determines the rate of growth and technology change? World Bank Working Papers , 279. Romer, P. (1990). Endogenous Technical Change. Journal of Political Economy, 98, 71–102. Sandrum, R. (1994). Exports and Economic Growth. From Classical Economics to Development Economics , 104-20. Salim, R.(1998). Sources of Output growth in Bangladesh Food Processing Industries: A Decomposition Analysis. The development Economics , XXXVII (3), 355-74. Sattar, S. A. (2004). Trade Liberalization, Growth and Poverty Reduction; the case of Bangladesh. Dhaka: The World Bank. Singer, H. (1979). Policy Implications of the Lime Target. Industry and Development, 3, 17-32. Tybout, J. D. (1991). The Effects of Trade Reforms on Scale and Technical Efficiency: New Evidence from Chile. Journal of International Economics, 31, 231–50 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10. Impact of Online Social Networking on Employee's Commitment to Duties in Selected Organizations in Lagos State, Nigeria Authors: Akinbode; James Olalekan; Opayemi; Remi; Sokefun; Eniola Published: 03 Mar 2014 Article URL: https://ijbed.org/details&cid=10 References: Baron, R. S. (1986) Distraction-conflict theory: Progress and problems. Advances in experimental social psychology, 19(1986), 1-39.  Becker, Thomas E., Donna M. Randall, and Carl D. Riegel. (1995) The Multidimensional View of Commitment and the Theory of Reasoned Action: A Comparative Evaluation. Journal of Management 21(4): 617–38. Boyd, D and Ellison, N.B. (2008) Social network sites: Definition, history and scholarship. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210-380. Retrieved from: http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol13/issue1/boyd.ellison.html. Last access: December 16, 2012.  Cairns, L.G. and Malloch, M.E. (2008) ‘Learning, work and places: Exploring workplace learning’. Unpublished manuscript under review. Groff, B. D., Baron, R. S., & Moore, D. L. (1983) Distraction, attentional conflict, and drivelike behavior. Journal of Experimental School Psychology, 19, 359–380.  Henri, F. (1949) General and Industrial Management. University of Michigan. Pitman Publishers. Jett, Q. R. & George, J.M. (2003) Work interrupted: A closer look at the role of interruptions in organizational life. Academy of Management Review, 28(3), 494-507. Kuper, A and Kuper, J. (1996) The Social Sciences Encyclopedia. London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group. Lee, S. and Dorothy, O. (2001) An Examination of Variations in the Nature of Employee Commitment between Paid Employees and Volunteers: Understanding Different Motivational Bases in the Public Sector. Paper presented at the 62nd ASPA National Conference, March 10–13, Newark, New Jersey. 114 Public Administration Review, September, Vol. 62, Special Issue Martinez, M. M. & Wartman, K. L. (2009) Online social networking on campus: Understanding what matters in student culture. New York: Routledge. Mathieu, J. E., and Zajac, D.M (1990) A Review and Meta-Analysis of the Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences of Organizational Commitment. Psychological Bulletin 108(2): 171–94. Meyer, J. and Allen, N. (1997) Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research and Application. Sage Publications. Meyer, J. P., Natalie J. A. and Catherine A. S. (1993) Commitment to Organizations and Occupations: Extension and Test of a Three-Component Conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology 78(4): 538–51. Molendijk, I.M (2011) Flexible Workers: How about their distractions and concentration? A quantitative study in a general New Way of Work setting. An unpublished MSc thesis  Morrow, P. C. (1983) Concept Redundancy in Organizational Research: The Case of Work Commitment. Academy of Management Review 8(3): 486–500. Mowday, R. T., Lyman W. P. and Richard M. S. (1982) Employee-Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover. New York: Academic Press. Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M. and Porter, L. W. (1979) The Measurement of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior 14(2): 43–77. Nyhan, R. C. (1999) Increasing Affective Organizational Commitment in Public Organizations. Review of Public Personnel Administration 19(3): 58–70. Perlow, L.A. (1999) The Time Famine: Toward a Sociology of Work Time. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(1), 57-81. Porter, L. W., Richard M. S., Richard T. M. and Paul V. B. (1974) Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover among Psychiatric Technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology 59(5): 603–9. Sanders, G. S., Baron, R. S., & Moore, D. L. (1978) Distraction and social comparison as mediators of social facilitation effects. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14(3), 291-303 Speier, C., Vessey, I., & Valacich, J. S. (2003) The effects of interruptions, task complexity, and information presentation on computer-supported decision-making performance. Decision Sciences, 34(4), 771-797 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Enterprise Restructuring in the Conditions of the Crisis and the Globalization Challenges. Based on the Experiences of the Polish Economy Authors: Ryszard Borowiecki Published: 03 Mar 2014 Article URL: https://ijbed.org/details&cid=11 References: Bauman Z. (2000), Globalizacja, PIW, Warszawa. Borowiecki R. & Dziura M. (2010), Innovation Policies in the Financial Crisis, Organization and Management, No 1 (139). Borowiecki R. & Jaki A. (Ed.) (2009), Global and Regional Challenges for the 21st Century Economies, Cracow University of Economics, Cracow. Borowiecki R. & Jaki A. (Ed.) (2010), Challenges for the Contemporary Enterprise under Globalization, Cracow University of Economics, Cracow.  Borowiecki R. & Jaki A. (Ed.) (2010), Enterprises Facing New Economic Challenges. Management – Development – Restructuring, Cracow University of Economics, Cracow. Borowiecki R. & Rojek T. (Ed.) (2011), Developmental Challenges of Contemporary Economies. Management – Finance – Restructuring, Cracow University of Economics, Cracow. Borowiecki R. & Siuta-Tokarska B. (2007), Innovativeness of Polish SMES in the Contex of Integration with the European Union, In: Education for Innovation, World Federation of Engineering Organizations, No 14. Borowiecki R. (Ed.) (2003), Management of Organizations During Economic Integration and Globalization, Cracow University of Economics – European Management Association (CECIOS), Warsaw-Cracow. Borowiecki R. (Ed.) (2010), Enterprise in the Face of Challenges of the 21st Century Economy, Scientific Society for Organization and Management „Dom Organizatora”, Toruń. Dobija D. (2003), Pomiar i sprawozdawczość kapitału intelektualnego przedsiębiorstwa, Wyd. Wyższej Szkoły Przedsiębiorczości i Zarządzania im. L. Koźmińskiego, Warszawa. Flejterski S. & Wahl P.T. (2003), Ekonomia globalna. Synteza, Difin, Warszawa. Grupa Lizbońska (1996), Granice konkurencji, Poltext, Warszawa. Jaki A., Kaczmarek J. & Rojek T. (Ed.) (2011), Restrukturyzacja. Teoria i praktyka w obliczu nowych wyzwań, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, Kraków. Kaczmarek J., Krzemiński P., Litwa P. & Szymla W. (2005), Procesu zmian w okresie transformacji systemowej. Prywatyzacja, restrukturyzacja, rynek kapitałowy, Wyd. Akademii Ekonomicznej w Krakowie, Kraków. Kotyński J. (Ed.) (2005), Globalizacja i integracja europejska – Szanse i zagrożenia dla polskiej gospodarki, PWE, Warszawa. Krawiec F. (2005), Transformacja firmy w nowej gospodarce. Koncepcje, strategie, struktury i technologie w zarządzaniu, Difin, Warszawa. Krawiec F. (2009), Nowa gospodarka i wizja lidera firmy XXI wieku, Difin, Warszawa. Malinowska M. & Kucharska B. (Ed.) (2006), Zachowania podmiotów rynkowych w warunkach globalizacji, PWE, Warszawa. Misiak W. (2007), Globalizacja więcej niż podręcznik. Społeczeństwo – kultura – polityka, Difin, Warszawa. Stiglitz J.E. (2007), Globalizacja, Wyd. Naukowe PWN, Warszawa ------------------------------------------------------------------------